From Norsemen to Normans 800–1200

The establishment and consolidation of Normandy

The image of Viking-era Scandinavians in the West was completely different to that in the East. It was shaped by their plundering raids which from the late 8th century onwards threatened the coastal regions. The armed groups of Vikings were generally after easy loot and on lookout for lucrative locations – often including churches and monasteries. However, there were also Scandinavians interested in territorial gains and the establishment of their own fiefdoms. One of these Norsemen was Rollo (d. around 925/932) who in the 9th century settled in the northern part of the Frankish empire. He became the founder of the ducal line of Normandy. Around 911, Charles “the Simple” (d. 929), king of West Francia, concluded a treaty with the “Seine Normans”. From an area around Rouen, the first capital settlement, a principality developed over the course of the 10th century, named “Normandy” after its foreign rulers. Within the shortest time, the Normans of Scandinavian descent integrated into the West Francian kingdom. They adopted the Christian religion, the language and culture, affiliated with the native population and established a mighty dominion. They built monasteries and castles and soon had their eyes on further territories.